Lymphoedema is a condition that can develop after cancer treatment when the lymphatic system is damaged or disrupted. The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid from tissues and supporting the body’s immune system. When lymph nodes or lymph vessels are removed, blocked or affected during cancer treatment, lymph fluid may not drain properly. This can lead to a build-up of fluid in the tissues, causing swelling known as lymphoedema.

Lymphoedema most commonly affects the arms or legs, but it can also occur in other parts of the body such as the chest wall, neck, abdomen or genital area depending on the type of cancer treatment received.

Why Lymphoedema Can Occur After Cancer Treatment

Several cancer treatments can increase the risk of developing lymphoedema. Surgery that involves removing lymph nodes is one of the most common causes. Lymph nodes act as filters for lymph fluid and removing them can interrupt the natural flow of the lymphatic system.

Radiation therapy can also contribute to lymphoedema because it may cause scarring or damage to the lymph vessels and surrounding tissues. In some cases, a combination of surgery and radiation therapy further increases the risk.

Certain cancers are more commonly associated with lymphoedema, including breast cancer, melanoma, prostate cancer, gynaecological cancers and head and neck cancers. However, not everyone who undergoes cancer treatment will develop lymphoedema.

Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

Lymphoedema can develop soon after cancer treatment or sometimes months or even years later. Early detection is important because treatment is often more effective when started early.

Common signs and symptoms may include swelling in the arm, leg, hand or foot, a feeling of heaviness or tightness in the affected area, reduced flexibility in joints and clothing or jewellery feeling tighter than usual. Some individuals may also notice changes in the texture of the skin or a sensation of fullness in the limb.

These symptoms may appear gradually and can sometimes fluctuate throughout the day.

Managing Lymphoedema After Cancer

Although lymphoedema is considered a long-term condition, it can be effectively managed with the right care and support. Treatment focuses on reducing swelling, improving lymphatic flow and preventing the condition from worsening.

Common management strategies include manual lymphatic drainage, a specialised form of gentle massage that encourages lymph fluid movement. Compression therapy using garments or bandages is also widely used to help maintain reduced swelling and support the lymphatic system.

Exercise plays an important role as well. Gentle and controlled movement helps stimulate the lymphatic system and encourages fluid circulation. Maintaining healthy skin care is also essential because the affected area may be more vulnerable to infection.

Living Well With Lymphoedema

Many people who develop lymphoedema after cancer treatment are able to manage the condition successfully and continue living active lives. Education, early intervention and regular monitoring can make a significant difference in controlling symptoms.

Working with trained lymphoedema therapists or healthcare professionals ensures that individuals receive appropriate treatment plans tailored to their needs. With the right management strategies, the impact of lymphoedema can be significantly reduced, helping individuals maintain comfort, mobility and confidence in their daily lives.